Across the Sea's Broad Back

Abstract

Homer's Odyssey is a foundational work for the western cultural and literary tradition. It has been translated into English many times over, which reflects a certain enduring relevance of the work and its characters. This thesis examines twelve or so English translations of the Odyssey, from those of Alexander Pope and George Chapman to the modern works of Robert Fagles and Robert Fitzgerald, in their interpretations of specific moments where the hero interacts with Nausikaa, Kalypso, Athena, and Penélopê. Traditionally, although the women of the Odyssey are considered to be active and relevant to Odysseus' journey, they also pose considerable danger to his quest for Ithaka. However, by juxtaposing and comparing various translations from different time periods, we enrich our understanding of the astounding agency these women demonstrate in facilitating the hero's return. As opposed to mere tools that Odysseus utilizes as a means to an end, these women actively interfere in his journey to ensure his safety and bring to fruition the ultimate goal of restoring order on Ithaka.