Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Patients' Perception of Feeling Known by Their Nurses (PPFKN) Scale

Abstract

The importance of the nurse-patient relationship to the overall well- being of the person has been explored extensively by nurses. What is largely missing from this knowledge developed to date is the patient's perspective. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid measure of patients' perceptions of feeling known by their nurses during an acute, surgical, hospital admission. The development of the PPFKN Scale was guided by Newman's theoretical framework of Health as Expanding Consciousness (1994) and data from a qualitative descriptive study conducted in 2003 (Somerville). The current investigation focused on the development and psychometric testing of the PPFKN Scale. The four themes that emerged from the earlier qualitative study were used to guide the development of the 85-item scale. This scale was exposed to a panel of nurse experts to establish inter-rater agreement and content validity, item understandability and readability. The revised scale was piloted with five participants who had experienced an inpatient, surgical admission to determine content validity, item readability and understandability. The revised 77-item scale was then administered to 327 surgical inpatients across seven general care units at a large academic urban medical center. A sample size of 296 completed surveys was analyzed. A four-component solution was devised using Principal Components Analysis with Varimax rotation. This four-component solution accounted for 63.3% variance, with a total scale Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.99. A component loading cut-off was set at 0.3 and items not loading at this value on the expected component were dropped. This process resulted in a reliable and valid 48 item PPFKN Scale with four components and a total scale Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98.